La couche de premier plan fait passer la photographie de paysage à un niveau supérieur. Lorsque vous êtes dans la nature, il est facile de consacrer votre attention aux sommets enneigés lointains, aux canyons rouges ou aux collines légèrement vallonnées. Mais ce n’est pas parce que l’éclairage est parfait et que votre mise au point est parfaite que la photo ne peut pas être améliorée.
Assurez-vous de regarder ce qui est proche de vous. C’est souvent le premier plan de la composition de votre photo – la partie la plus proche de vous – qui donne au spectateur une perspective appropriée et une dimension supplémentaire.
Ajouter de la profondeur
La plupart des photos de paysages sont prises avec un objectif grand angle pour capturer l’ampleur de la scène. Essentiellement, cela comprime la distance. L’effet sur le spectateur est qu’il voit une scène où tout est lointain et très bidimensionnel.
Un élément de premier plan, de par sa nature, attirera le regard. Mais plus encore, cela contribuera à ajouter de la profondeur à la scène globale. Cela ajoute cette troisième dimension à une photo 2D. Cela approfondit la scène en donnant une impression de distance. Le spectateur est désormais attiré parce qu’il a acquis une conscience spatiale.
Dans l’exemple ci-dessous, le mur du château au premier plan donne de la profondeur à la photo. Le spectateur peut percevoir correctement l’ampleur du dénivelé depuis la falaise jusqu’à la vallée en contrebas, et peut-être même avoir l’impression de se tenir contre le mur.
Ajout d’échelle
Les plantes, les personnes ou les animaux au premier plan fournissent une mesure d’échelle sur la photo. Cela permet d’accentuer l’ampleur de la couche d’arrière-plan.
Avez-vous déjà pris une photo d’une vue panoramique et dit aux gens que la photo ne lui rendait pas justice ? « Cette falaise était bien plus grande dans la vraie vie. » « Vous ne croiriez pas la taille de cette cascade ! » Après tout, c’est l’échelle qui rend le Grand Canyon grandiose. L’ajout d’éléments de premier plan à la photographie de nature captive les spectateurs avec un sentiment de grandeur.
Pour voir cela en pratique, remarquez la différence sur les photos ci-dessous simplement en capturant les arbres devant la rivière. Même si ces arbres au premier plan sont plus éloignés que d’habitude du spectateur, la composition de la scène est améliorée tandis que la véritable taille imposante de Logan Pass est mieux comprise.
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Ajouter de l’intérêt
Un calque de premier plan approprié ancre l’image, améliore la composition, affecte l’ambiance et peut avoir un impact. Cela donne à l’œil un point de départ pour travailler sur d’autres couches de l’image. Les éléments de premier plan sont également une bonne occasion d’utiliser les lignes de vue pour guider l’œil du spectateur vers quelque chose au milieu ou à l’arrière-plan.
Raconter des histoires
Si une image vaut mille mots, une image avec un bon premier plan en vaut deux mille ! Les photos sont souvent utilisées pour raconter une histoire et le premier plan aide le spectateur à interpréter le message.
Considérez le scénario ci-dessous.
J’étais dans un bateau faisant le tour du glacier Surprise en Alaska. La scène était particulièrement belle pour moi, alors j’ai pris une photo. Tout d’un coup, une énorme partie du glacier tombe dans l’eau (c’est ce qu’on appelle le vêlage). Le son était tonitruant et la vue était spectaculaire ! Mais j’ai été très étonné de la rapidité avec laquelle tout est revenu à la normale, comme si ce n’était pas grave. Bien que la crique soit désormais jonchée de morceaux de glace, l’eau est revenue au calme et la faune a continué à se détendre.
J’ai pris cette photo parmi la foule sur le bateau et je la trouve parfaite pour raconter mon histoire sur les conséquences du vêlage du glacier.
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